Motor-compressor unit for a refrigerating machine



Sept, 20, 1938; c. STEENSTRUP 2,130,852

MOTOR COMPRESSOR UNIT FOR A REFRIGERATING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet l FiledJan. 1l, 1955 Ihventor: ristian Ste ens'trup,

ch NM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. STEENSTRUP Filed Jan. l1, 1955 E 36x /aJ Fig.3.

MOTOR COMPRESSOR UNIT FOR A REFRIGERATING MACHINE Sept. 2 0, 1938.

Patented Sept. 20, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ChristianSteenstrnp, Schenectady, N. Y., assigner to General Electric Company, acorporation of New York Application January 1l, 1935, Serial No. 1,319

31Cla-lms.

My invention relates to refrigerating machines. Compression typerefrigerating machines include a compressor for compressing gaseousrefrigerant, the compressor being driven by an electric motor or thelike. 'Ihe compressor and its driving motor are frequently enclosed in acasing, which is preferably hermetically sealed, thus obviating thenecessity of using connections with packing glands or the like betweenthe motor and compressor, and minimizing refrigerant leaks from themachine, as any gaseous refrigerant which escapes from the compressor isconfined in the casing. It is desirable to use a supply of lubricantconfined in the machine which is recirculated through the bearings ofthe compressor and the motor Without the necessity of variation orreplenishment, thus simplifying the operation and maintenance of themachine. This is particularly desirable in the case of machines designedfor domestic use, which are used without skilled supervision. Machinesof the type described, having encased motor driven compressors, presentparticularly diiiicult problems with respect to thecooling of the motorand compressor as well as of the lubricant therefor, especially if theuse of a cooling element within the casing connected to some externalsource of cooling medium is to be avoided. The latter arrangement isundesirable both because of the increased complication of the apparatus,as well as the increase in casing connections if an hermetically sealedcasing is employed.

It is anobject of my invention to provide a refrigerating machine of thetype described having an improved lubricating system which will be quietand eiicient in operation.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a refrigeratingmachine of the type described including an encased motor drivencompressor having an improved arrangement for cooling the lubricanttherefor.

It is another object of my invention to provide a refrigerating machineof the type described including an encased motor driven compressorhaving an improved arrangement for utilizing the lubricant therefor todissipate heat from the motor and compressor.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent asthe following description proceeds and the features of novelty whichcharacterize my invention will be pointed out with particularity in theclaims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.

For a better understanding of my invention, reference may be had to theaccompanying draw- (CL 23o-206) ings, in which Fig. 1 is a sideelevation, partly in section, of a refrigerating machine embodying myinvention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the casing and motor drivencompressor included in the refrigerating machine shown in Fig. 1, thetop of 5 the compressor and part of the top of the motor being brokenaway; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of the apparatus shownin Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a view on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3 of the rotarylubricant pump of the refrigerating ma- 10 chine; Fig. 5 is afragmentary sectional view of the casing of the motor shown in Fig. 3;and Fig. 6 is a partial bottom plan view of the Scotch Yoke mechanism ofthe compressor shown in Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, in Fig. 1 I have shown a refrigeratlngmachine provided with an hermetically sealed casing I0 made up oi anupper casing section II and a lower casing section I2, the adjacentedges of these sections being welded together at I4 over a reinforcingring Il. The casing sections II and I2 are preferably made of steel. Arefrigerant compressor I5 and an electric driving motor I6 therefor arecontained within the hermetically sealed casing II). 25

The compressor I5 is secured to the top of the driving motor I6 by boltsII and I8 thus forming a compact unitary structure. This unitarystructure is mounted in the casing I0 on three vertical helical springsI9, 20 and 2I. 'Ihe upper ends of the springs I9, 20, and 2| are securedto feet 22, 23 and 2l, respectively, these feet being welded to theperiphery of the frame of the motor I6 at equally spaced intervals ofapproximately 120. The lower end of the spring 20 is supported on anindentation 25 formed in the lower section I2 of the casing III, asshown in Fig. 3. The springs I9 and 2| are also supported on similarindentations formed in the lower section I2 of the casing I0. A bumperring 26 surrounds`the unitary structure and is secured in a slot 21 inthe foot 23 as illustrated in Fig. 3. Similar slots are formed in thefeet 22 and 24 for supporting the bumper ring 26. A series of stops 28,29 and 3|) are welded to the inner side wall of the casing I0 at spacedintervals of approximately 120 as best shown in Fig. 2. These stopslimit the vertical movement of unitary structure by engagement with thebumper ring 26.

The mounting arrangement for the unitary compressor and motor structuredescribed above is not my invention but is the invention oi Harley H.Bixler, and is described and claimed in his Patent No. 2,028,584 ofJanuary 21, 1936, and

assigned to the General Electric Company, the assignee of my presentinvention.

As best shown in Fig. 3, the driving motor I6 is provided with asquirrel cage rotor 3| which is mounted on a hollow vertical shaft 32within a stator 33, the stator 33 having energizing windings 34 whichare mounted in slots therein in the usual manner. The energizingwindings 34 have upper and lower ends projecting from the upper andlower Aends respectively of the stator 33. End shields 35 and 36 areprovided at the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the stator 33being secured thereto by stay-bolts 31. The shaft 32 is supported inupper and lower bearings 38 and 39, respectively. The upper bearing 38is of the self-aligning sleeve type having a relatively large axiallength as compared to its diameter and is loosely mounted in a bore 40in the upper end shield 35 with a sucking fit. Rotation of the bearing38 in bore 40 is prevented by a pin 38a. The lower bearing 39 is acylindrical machined surface of a bore in the lower end shield 36 inaxial alinement with the shaft 32. Most of the lateral thrust is takenup by the upper bearing 38 since the compressor i5 is closely adjacentthereto and the lower bearing 39 may consequently be rather short andhence need not be of the self-aligning type. It will be noted that thebearings 38 and 39 are thus contained within the housing of the motor I6and a compact structure having a minimum vertical height is provided.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 6, the upper end of the shaft 32 of the drivingmotor I6 is provided with a crank arm 4I through which the motor I6drives the refrigerant compressor I5, a coimterweight 42 being connectedto the crank 4l. The compressor I is of the Scotch Yoke type andincludes a cylindrical slide 43 which, upon reciprocation of a piston46, is reciprocated in the cross-head 44 by the crank 4I, the crank 4Ipassing through an elongated opening 45 in the lower side oi thecross-head 44. The piston 46 is welded to the cross-head 44 as indicatedat 41 and is reciprocated in a bore 48 of a compression cylinder 49. Therotary movement of the crank 4I is converted into what amounts toreciprocatory movement in two directions. As will be seen from aninspection of Fig. 6, the crank 4I is free to reciprocate in onedirection in the slot 45 thus forming in effect a lost motion connectiontherewith formed in the cross-head 44, and by means of this lost motionconnection the piston 46 is reciprocated in the bore 48 of the cylinder49 in a direction at right angles to the movement of the crank 4I in theslot 45.

The particular construction of the piston and yoke illustrated forms nopart of my present invention but is described and claimed in my PatentNo. 2,059,822, granted November 3, 1936, and assigned to the GeneralElectric Company, the assignce of my present invention,

One end of the bore 48 of the cylinder 49 is closed by a flat valveplate 50, which is secured to the cylinder 49 by bolts 5I. The bolts 5Ialso hold a muiiie box 52 in place on top of the valve plate 5I). Asbest shown in Fig. 2, the valve plate 58 is provided with an intakeopening 53 which is closed by a flexible intake valve 54. A series ofexhaust ports 55 are also provided in the valve plate 50 and arenormally closed by a disk-shaped flexible exhaust valve 56 in the muiflebox `52. The exhaust valve 56 is provided with a diskshaped retainer 51,the retainer 51 and exhaust valve 56 being secured to the valve plate5I) by a rivet 58 which passes through registering central apertures inthc retainer' and exhaust valve.

The general arrangement of the valve assembly, described above, is notmy invention but is the invention of Harley H. Bixler, and is describedand claimed in his application, Serial No. 26,067, filed June 11, 1935,and assigned to the General Electric Company, the assignee of my presentinvention.

I have provided an arrangement in which lubricant is circulated over thebearings and other contacting relatively moving surfaces of the motor I6and the compressor I5, the lubricant then being circulated over asubstantial portion of the inner surface of the casing I0 to cool thelubricant. Lubricant is also circulated over the surfaces of the motorI6 and the compressor I5 in order to cool the same. In the preferredform of my invention illustrated in the drawings, a reservoir is formedby the lower section I2 of the casing Ill, which contains a body of oilor other liquid lubricant 60. When the motor I6 is in operation,lubricant is drawn upwardly through a conduit 6I by a rotary pump 62,which is driven by the shaft 32 of the motor I6. As best shown in Fig.fl, the rotary pump 62 includes a pair of oppositely extending blades 63and 64, which are slidably mounted in slots 65 and 66, respectively,formed in a lower end of the shaft 32. The lower end of the shaft 32 andthe blades 63 and 64 rotate in a chamber formed by a bore 61 in a casingplate 68, the center of the bore 61 being eccentric with respect to theaxis of the shaft 32. A retaining plate 69 and a cover plate 1D aresecured to the lower side of the casing plate 68. The cover plate 10,the retaining plate 69, and the casing 68 are held in their assembledposition by a series of bolts 1I, which are in threaded engagement withtapped holes 12 formed in the lower end shield 36 of the motor I6. Asmooth upper surface is ground on the retaining plate 69 and it servesas a lower thrust bearing for the shaft 32. As the blades 63 and 64rotate in the chamber 61 in a clockwise direction, for example, asviewed in Fig. 4, lubricant'is drawn into the chamber 61 through theconduit 6i and an intake opening 13 formed in the retaining plate 69 dueto the increasing volume of the space behind the blade 63. Upon furtherrotation of the-shaft 32, the lubricant is expelled under pressure fromthe chamber 61 through an outlet opening 14 formed in the retainingplate 69 due to the decreasing volume of the space in front of the blade64 as the rotation of the shaft 32 continues. The blades 63 and 64 arepushed outwardly against the wall of the chamber 61 by centrifugal forceand by the pressure of the lubricant in an axial passage 16 in the shaft32. Lubricant discharged through the outlet opening 14 in the retainingplate 69 passes into a depression 15 formed in the cover plate and thenupwardly through the central, axially extending passage 16. A portion ofthe lubricant passing upwardly through the passage 16 is diverted into ahorizontal passage 11 which communicates with the lower portion of thepassage 16 and passes therethrough to a groove 18 formed in the lowerbearing 39 of the shaft 32, thus lubricating the bearing 39. Ahorizontal passage 19 communicating with the upper portion of thepassage 16 is also formed in the shaft 32 and communicates with acircular groove 8D formed in the upper bearing 38. Lubricant for thebearing 38 is supplied thereto from the passage 16 through the passage19 and groove 80. A further portion of the lubricant under pressure inthe passage 16 passes upwardly therefrom through a passage 8| formed inthc crank 4| to the top of the latter and lubricates the contactingsurfaces of the crank 4| and slide 43, as well as the contactingsurfaces of the slide 43 and the cross-head 44. A second passage 82 isalso provided in the top of the crank 4| in order to allow lubricant topass downwardly from the top of the crank 4| to the contacting surfacesof the slide 43 and the crank 4| in order to insure thorough lubricationof the same. An arrangement is thus provided which insures an adequatesupply of lubricant under pressure to the contacting relatively movingbearing surfaces of the shaft bearings of motor I6 and of the piston,slide and crank of the compressor I5.

An arrangement is also provided for utilizing the lubricant underpressure from the pump 62 to control the loading of the compressor I5.As shown in Fig. 2. a passage 83 is formed in the upper end shield 35 ofthe motor I6, which communicates with the groove 88 formed in thebearing 38 and with a bore 84 of an unloader cylinder 85. When the motorI6 is in operation, lubricant under pressure is supplied through thepassage 83 to the bore 84 of the unloader. 'I'he unloader includes acup-shaped piston 86, which is provided with a cylindrical sleeve 81,the piston and sleeve being brazed or otherwise secured together. Oneend of a U-shaped operating rod 88 is provided with a disk 89 which issecured to the piston 86. A helical compression spring 90, which is heldin place between the disk 89 and a. retaining plate 9|, secured to themuilie box 52 by the bolt 5|, biases the operating rod 88 toward aposition in which it holds the intake valve 54 in the open position. Apart of the lubricant supplied under pressure to the bore 84 through thepassage 83 passes therefrom through a sharp edged orifice 92 in thesleeve 81 to a passage 93. The orifice 92 is made sufiiciently smallthat it will not divert all of the lubricant supplied to the bore 84.When the motor I6, which drives the rotary pump 62, reaches apredetermined speed, about 60% of full running speed. the lubricant willaccumulate in the bore 84 and will force the piston 86 outwardly, thuscompressing the biasing spring 90 and release the inlet valve 54 tooperate freely and consequently, to load the compressor I5. 'Ihe orice92 is so positioned in the sleeve 81 with respect to the passage 93 thatit registers with the latter when the sleeve 81 is at the extremity ofits travel to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, and is also so positionedthat when the sleeve 81 is at the left hand extremity of its travel thatthe orifice 92 is not covered by the wall of the cylinder 85 until theend of the passage 83 is uncovered by the edge of the sleeve 81, so thatlubricant is continually supplied from the bore 84 to the passage 93irrespective of the position of the sleeve 81 and piston 86 and acontinuous flow of lubricant to the compressor is thus ensured. Sincethe intake valve 54 is held open until the motor I5 reaches apredetermined speed of about 60% full speed, only a slight friction loadis placed on the motor during starting.

The particular form of unloader, described above, is not my inventionbut is the invention of Harley H. Bxler, and is described and claimed inhis Patent No. 2,102,403, granted December 14,

. 1937, and assigned to the General Electric Company, the assignee of mypresent invention.

Lubricant passing through the passage 83 enters an annular groove 94formed in the wall of the compression cylinder 49 surrounding the bore48. A cooperating groove 95 is provided in the piston 46 which registerswith the groove 94 when the piston 46 is in its extreme retractedposition shown in Fig. 3. When in this position, lubricant flows intothe groove 95 from the groove 94. At the same time, the refrigerant inthe cylinder bore 48 is not under compression and hence there is littleor no tendency for it to leak past the piston. As the piston 46 is movedto the left, the refrigerant in the cylinder bore 48 is compressed andat the same time the groove 95 moves out of register with the groove 94.The compressed gaseous refrigerant in the cylinder bore 48 tends to leakbetween the piston 46 and the surrounding wall of the cylinder 49.'I'his leaking refrigerant enters the groove 94 however, and displaces aportion of the lubricant therefrom. This displaced lubricant is pushedinto the small clearance space between the piston 46 and the wall of thecylinder 49 and forms a seal, thus eiectually preventing the escape ofcompressed refrigerant from the cylinder bore 48. When the piston 46 isagain moved to its retracted position, the groove 95 comes into registerwith the groove 94 and since the lubricant is being rapidly circulatedthrough the groove 94, the small amount of gaseous refrigerant, which isentrapped in the groove 95, is carried away by the stream of lubricantand is later returned to the main body of gaseous refrigerant in thecasing I0, as is explained below. In this manner, the compressedrefrigerant in the cylinder bore 48 effectually prevents leakagetherefrom and at the same time the necessity of using piston rings orother similar packing means on the piston 46 is avoided.

As shown in Fig. 3, lubricant in the groove 94 is forced upwardlytherefrom through an L- shaped conduit 96 which communicates with theupper side of the groove 94, the outer end 96a of the conduit 96 beingclosed. A small hole 91 is provided in the side of the conduit 96 andallows a portion of the lubricant in the conduit 96 to pass therefrominto a recess 98 formed in the top of the compressor I5. The recess 98is covered by a plate 99 which is secured to the compressor I5 by ascrew |00. Lubricant passing through the recess 98 drains down acrossthe valve head end of the compressor I into a cup |0| which is securedto the side of the motor I6 by a bolt |02.

The main portion of the lubricant in the conduit 96 passes upwardlytherethrough and is discharged therefrom in a stream through avertically extending nozzle |03. Ihe term nozzle is employed todesignate an arrangement providing an orifice for discharging lubricant.An outwardly extending recess |04 of relatively small area as comparedwith the area of the top of the casing is provided in the top of thecasing I0 opposite the nozzle |03 and serves to distribute the lubricantdischarged from the nozzle |03 evenly over the inner surface of the topof the casing I0. This particularly is advantageous in that heat isconducted more readily to the casing I0 from the distributed lubricantand also the gurgling sound due to a concentrated stream of liquidflowing into the body of lubricant 60 is also avoided. The lubricantdischarged from the nozzle |03 passes through an aperture |05 formed ina horizontal baffle |06 which is supported on studs |01 and |08, thesestuds being welded or otherwise secured to the top of the casing i0. Thelubricant thus distributed over the top of the casing I0 by the recess|94 flows through notches |09 provided about the periphery of thehorizontal baiiie |06 and drains down the vertical side walls of thecasing I0 to the reservoir formed in the bottom thereof. The exterior ofthe casing I0 is in contact with the surrounding air and heat from theoil flowing over the inner surface of the casing I0 is dissipatedthereto. An annulus of ns ||0 made of steel or other good heatconducting material surrounds the casing I0 in-heat conductingrelationship therewith and aids in the dissipation of heat therefrom. Inthe normal operation of the machine illustrated, the lubricant isdischarged from the nozzle |03 at about 150 F. and is cooled about 10 F.in passing over the inner surfaces of the casing I0.

The lubricant which collects in the cup |0| flows therefrom through anaperture II i into an annular chamber ||2 formed between the top of thestator 33 and the end shield 35, the upper projecting ends of thewindings 34 being located in the chamber I I2. A vertical cylindricalshield I|3 surrounds the air gap between the rotor 3| and stator 33 inorder to prevent the entrance of lubricant therein. The rotor 3| is alsoprovided with a cup-shaped deiiector I I4 having upwardly and outwardlyflaring sides extending over the upper edge of the shield II 3 and anylubricant escaping from the upper bearing 38 falls into the deflectorII4 and is thrown outwardly thereby into the annular chamber ||2 bycentrifugal force.

The lubricant contained in the chamber ||2 flows downwardly therefromthrough the slots 34a. in the stator 33 in which the windings 34 areplaced, and also through the holes 31a in the stator 33 through whichthe bolts 31 pass. An overflow hole ||5 is provided in the outer side ofthe cup IOI in order that lubricant may escape therefrom if theclearances in the slots and holes in the stator 33 prove to beinsuiicient to carry off all of the lubricant which accumulates in thechamber I I2. The lower edge of the aperture I l5 is positioned belowthe top of the cylindrical shield ||3, so that there will be no dangerof lubricant overflowing into the air gap between the rotor 3| andstator 33. The clearance in the slots in the stator 33 in which theenergizing windings 34 are placed and the clearance in the bolt holesare so proportioned that all of the lubricant collected in the chamberII2 during the normal operation of the machine will pass downwardlythrough the stator 33 and past the windings 34, thus cooling the same.It will be understood that the proportion of the lubricant flowingthrough these clearance spaces depends on the viscosity of the oil,which in turn depends on its temperature. The clearances are calculatedto pass all of the oil when at its normal operating temperature of about140 F. The lubricant passing downwardlyfrom the chamber I|2 is collectedin an annularchamber or reservoir IIB formed in the loweriend shield 36,the lower end of the windings 34 being located in the chamber IIB. Thelower end shield 36 is provided with an outwardly extending portion ||1having a recess I|8 formed therein which is adapted to catch lubricantflowing downwardly over the right hand side of the motor I6, as viewedin Fig. 3, from the crank 4|. Lubricant collected in the recess I I8flows into the reservoir IIS in the lower end shield 36 through apassage ||9.

The lubricant accumulated in the reservoir I I6 normally flows therefromthrough an aperture |20 formed in the lower end shield 36 as best shownin Fig. 5, the aperture |20 being arranged to immerse the lower ends ofthe winding 34 in lubricant. After passing through the opening |20, thelubricant is directed on to the supporting spring by a defiector |2I.The lubricant then flows down the helical spring I0 into the reservoirformed in the lower portion I2 of the casing I0 and the gurgling noise,which would otherwise be caused by the lubricant running into the bodyof lubricant 60 in this reservoir, is thus avoided. The fact that thespring I0 is a good heat con ductor also plays some part in promotingquiet operation as some of the agitation otherwise caused by a stream oflubricant from the reservoir I|6 entering the body of lubricant 60 isdue to the difference in temperatures thereof. The spring I8 serves toaid in cooling the lubricant passing over it.

in the operation of the refrigerating machine described above, gaseousrefrigerant in the casing I0 enters an intake muffler |22, passesthrough a conduit |23 to a chamber |24 formed in the muiiie box 52 andis drawn therefrom through the valved intake passage 53 into the bore 48of the compressor cylinder 49. Gaseous refrigerant compressed in thecylinder 49 by the piston 46 passes therefrom through the valved exhaustpassages 55 into an exhaust chamber |25 formed in the muifle box 52,through a conduit |26 to an exhaust muiiier |21, and from there througha conduit |28. The lower portion of the conduit 28 is helical in form,thus providing a resilient connection between the unitary compressor andmotor structure which is free to vibrate on the springs I9, 20, and 2iand the rigidly mounted casing I0. The compressed gaseous refrigerantpasses through the conduit |28 to a condenser |29 cooled by naturaldraft and which surrounds the casing I0 and is mounted on the annulus ofheat conducting fins IIO. The compressed gaseous refrigerant isliquefied in the condenser I29 and iiows therefrom through a conduit|30, a flow controlling float valve I3I and a conduit |32 to anevaporator |33. The evaporator |33 is supported in a coolingcompartment, a removable top wall |34 of which is insulated. The liquidrefrigerant contained in the evaporator |33 is vaporized by theabsorption of heat from articles contained in the cooling compartment inwhich the evaporator is located and the refrigerant thus vaporizedpasses from the evaporator |33 through a suction conduit |35 back to thecasing I0, which is maintained at the low pressure existing in theevaporator. It will be noted that the discharge end |35 of the suctionconduit |35 is located above the normal level of the lubricant 60 in thereservoir formed in "the lower section I2 of the casing I0. Thevaporized refrigerant thus discharged in the casing I0 is again drawninto the intake muiiler |22 and the cycle above described is repeated.

It will be seen that the casing I0 is normally lled with low pressurevaporized gaseous refrigerant above the level of the lubricant 60, andany refrigerant which may have been entrapped in the lubricant While thelatter is passing through the compressor I5 and motor I6 will bereleased from the relatively quiet body of lubricant 60 and will beagain mingled with the low pressure gaseous refrigerant thereabove. I

have provided an arrangement in which a body of lubricant is circulatedover the surfaces of the compressor I5 and the motor I6, as well as overthe energizing windings 34 of the motor I6, thus cooling the same.During the normal operation of the machine. the projecting upper andlower end turns of the energizing windings 34 are immersed in lubricantin the chamber H2 and reservoir H6, respectively, which materially aidsin dissipating heat therefrom. I have also provided an arrangement inwhich the heat absorbed by the lubricant in passing through the bearingsand over the surfaces of the motor and compressor may be readily andefiiciently dissipated to the surrounding air or other cooling medium.

While I have shown one embodiment of my invention in connection with acompression type refrigerating machine, I do not desire my invention tobe limited to the particular construction shown and described, and Iintend in the appended claims to cover all modifications within thespirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates. is:

l. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor. a motor having avertically extending shaft and arranged to drive said compressor, acasing enclosing said compressor and motor, said casing having alubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof and having anupwardly extending recess formed in the top portion thereof, the area ofsaid recess being small as compared with the total area of the innersurface of said top portion of said casing, means for cooling the wallof said casing, means including a pump driven by said shaft forcirculating lubricant from said reservoir, means for conveying a portionof the lubricant from said pump to the bearing surfaces of saidcompressor and motor, means circulating a second portion of saidlubricant from said pump over the surfaces of said compressor and motorfor cooling the same, and means including an upwardly extending nozzleopposite said recess in said casing and circulating a third portion ofsaid lubricant from said pump in a stream into said recess and then overthe inner surface of said casing continuously during operation of saidmachine for cooling said lubricant.

2. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor having avertically extending shaft and arranged to drive said compressor, acasing enclosing said compressor and motor, said casing having alubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof and an upwardlyextending recess formed in the top portion thereof, the area of saidrecess being small as compared with the total area of said top portionof said casing, means for cooling the wall of said casing, meansincluding a pump driven by said shaft for circulating lubricant fromsaid reservoir to the bearing surfaces of said compressor and motor,means including a stationary horizontal bafile located above said motorand compressor and a vertically extending'nozzle below said recess forcirculating the lubricant in a stream into said recess and then over theinner surface of said casing continuously during operation of saidmachine and for cooling said lubricant, and means for conveyinglubricant from said pump to said nozzle.

3. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, said motor including a stator and a rotor having an airgap therebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, a casing enclosingsaid compressor and motor, a bearing for said shaft above said rotor,means for supplying lubricant to said bearing, means including a deectorcarried by said shaft below said bearing for preventing lubricantescaping from said bearing from entering said air gap, and meansincluding a vertical cylindrical shield mounted on the top of saidstator for preventing the entrance of lubricant in a lateral directioninto said air gap.

4. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, said motor including a stator and a rotor having an airgap therebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, a casing enclosingsaid compressor and motor, a bearing for said shaft above said rotor,means for supplying lubricant to said bearing, means including adeilector carried by said shaft below said bearing for preventinglubricant escaping from said bearing from entering said air gap, meanscirculating lubricant over the outer surface of said stator for coolingthe same, and means including a vertical cylindrical shield mounted onthe top of said stator for preventing the entrance of lubricant in alateral direction into said air gap.

5. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, said motor including a stator and a rotor having an airgap therebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, a casing enclosingsaid compressor and motor, a bearing for said shaft above said rotor,means for supplying lubricant to said bearing, means including adeflector carried by said shaft below said bearing for preventinglubricant escaping from said bearing from entering said air gap, meanscirculating lubricant in heat exchange relation with said stator forcooling the same, and means including a vertical cylindrical shieldmounted on the top of said stator for preventing the entrance oflubricant in a lateral direction into said air gap.

6. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, means including aspring for supporting said compressor, means for circulating a coolingliquid over the surface of said compressor, a liquid reservoir arrangedbelow said compressor, and means for receiving substantially all of thecooling liquid passing over said compressor and for directing saidcooling liquid from said compressor over said spring into saidreservoir.

7. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, means including aspring for supporting said compressor, means for circulating a coolingliquid in heat exchange relation with said compressor, a liquidreservoir arranged below said compressor, and means for receivingsubstantial ly al1 of the liquid passing in heat exchange relation withsaid compressor and for directing said liquid over the surfaces of saidspring into said reservoir.

8. An electric motor or the like which is subjected to internal heatingduring the normal operation thereof, a reservoir containing a coolingliquid and arranged below said motor, means including a spring forsupporting said motor above the liquid in said reservoir, said springextending from the motor to the liquid level in said reservoir, meansfor circulating a cooling liquid over the surface of said motor, andmeans for receiving substantially all of the cooling liquid aftercirculating over the surface of said motor and for directing saidcooling liquid over the surfaces of said spring into said reservoir.

9. An electric motor or the like which is subjected to internal heatingduring the normal operation thereof, a reservoir containing coolingliquid arranged below said motor, means including a spring forsupporting said motor, said spring extending from said motor to thelevel of liquid in said reservoir, means for circulating a coolingliquid in heat exchange relation with said motor, and means forreceiving substantially all of the cooling liquid after circulating inheat exchange relation with said motor and for directing said coolingliquid over the surfaces of said spring into said reservoir.

10. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor, a compressor mounted onsaid motor, means including a vertical helical compression spring forsupporting said motor and compressor, means for circulating a coolingliquid over the surfaces of said motor and compressor, a liquidreservoir arranged below said motor and compressor, and means forreceiving substantially all of the cooling liquid circulating over thesurfaces of said motor and compressor and for directing said coolingliquid over the surfaces of said spring into said reservoir.

11. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a-

casing enclosing said compressor and motor, means including a nozzlearranged to discharge a stream of lubricant upwardly against the wall ofsaid casing for directing lubricant over the inner surface of saidcasing and downwardly over the side wall thereof, a horizontal baillearranged above said compressor and motor having an aperture in alignmentwith said nozzle and extending adjacent the side wall of said casing,means for containing a body of lubricant and for receiving lubricantilowing downwardly over the side wall of said casing, means for coolingthe wall of said casing and for cooling the lubricant flowing downwardlyover the side wall of said casing, and means for supplying lubricantfrom said body of lubricant to said nozzle and to the bearing surfacesof said compressor and motor continuously during operation of saidmachine.

12. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having an outwardly extending recess formed inside a wallthereof, the area of said recess being small as compared to the area ofsaid wall, means including a nozzle opposite said recess for directing astream of lubricant into said recess and for utilizing said recess todistribute the stream of lubricant over the inner surface of saidcasing, means for cooling said casing and for cooling the lubricantflowing over the inside wall of said casing, means for containing a bodyof lubricant and for receiving lubricant flowing downwardly over thewalls of said casing, and means for supplying lubricant from said bodyof lubricant to said nozzle and toY the bearing surfaces of saidcompressor and mtor continuously during operation of said machine.

13. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, the topportion of said casing having an upwardly extending recess formedtherein, the area of said recess being small as compared,to the totalarea of said top portion of said casing, means including a nozzleopposite said recess for directing a stream of lubricant upwardly intosaid recess and for utilizing said recess to distribute said stream oflubricant over the inner surface of said casing continuously duringoperation of said machine, means for containing a body of lubricant andfor receiving lubricant flowing downwardly over the side wall of saidcasing, means for cooling said casing and for cooling the lubricantflowlng over the inner surface of said casing, and means for supplyinglubricant from said body of lubricant to said nozzle and to the bearingsurfaces of said compressor and motor continuously during operation ofsaid machine.

14. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, the topof said casing having an upwardly extending recess formed therein, thearea of said recess being small as compared to the area of the upperinner surface of said casing, means including a nozzle opposite saidrecess for directing a stream of lubricant upwardly into said recess andfor utilizing said recess to distribute said lubricant over the innersurface of said casing, a stationary horizontal baille located abovesaid compressor and motor and having an aperture therein below saidrecess and in alignment with said nozzle, means for containing a body oflubricant and for receiving lubricant flowing downwardly over the sidewall of said casing, means for cooling said casing and for cooling thelubricant flowing downwardly over the side wall of said casing, andmeans for supplying lubricant from said body of lubricant to said nozzleand to the bearing surfaces of said compressor and motor duringoperation of said machine.

15. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor having avertically extending shaft arranged to drive said compressor, a casingenclosing said compressor and motor, said casing having a lubricantreservoir formed in the lower portion thereof and having an upwardlyextending recess formed in the top portion thereof, the area of saidrecess being small as compared to the total area of said top portion ofsaid casing, means for cooling the wall of said casing, means includinga pump driven by said shaft for circulating lubricant from saidreservoir, means for conveying a portion of the lubricant from said pumpto the bearing surfaces of said compressor and motor, means circulatinga second portion of said lubricant from said pump over the surfaces ofsaid compressor land motor for cooling the same, and means including anup- Wardly extending nozzle opposite said recess in said casing forcirculating a third portion of said A lubricant from said pump in astream into said recess and then over the inner surface of said casingcontinuously during operation of said machine for cooling saidlubricant.

16. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor provided with windings, acompressor mounted on said motor and driven thereby, a casing enclosingsaid motor and compressor and having a lubricant reservoir formed in thelower por tion thereof below said motor and compressor, a conduit havinga nozzle carried by said compressor for discharging lubricant upwardlyagainst the wall of said casing and for directing lubricant over theinner surface of said casing and downwardly over the side wall thereof,means for cooling the wall of said casing and for cooling the lubricantflowing downwardly over the side wall thereof, said conduit having anauxiliary outlet for directing lubricant over the surface of saidcompressor, means for receiving lubricant flowing over the surface ofsaid compressor and for directing the same into said motor, means forretaining said lubricant about the upper end turns of said winding ofsaid motor and for directing said lubricant to the lower portion of saidmotor, means for retaining said lubricant about the lower end turns ofsaid winding and for returning said lubricant to said reservoir, andmeans for supplying lubricant from said reservoir to the bearingsurfaces of said motor and compressor and to said nozzle.

17. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor provided with windings, acompressor mounted on said motor and driven thereby, a casing enclosingsaid motor and compressor and having a lubricant reservoir formed in thelower portion thereof below said motor and compressor, means includingsprings for resiliently supporting said compressor in said casing, aconduit having a nozzle carried by said compressor for discharginglubricant upwardly against the wall of said casing and for directinglubricant over the inner surface of said casing and downwardly over theside wall thereof, means for cooling the wall of said casing and forcooling the lubricant owing downwardly over the side wall thereof, saidconduit having an auxiliary outlet for directing lubricant over thesurface of said compressor, means for receiving lubricant flowing overthe surface of said compressor and for directing the same into saidmotor, means for retaining said lubricant about the upper end turns ofsaid winding of said motor and for directing said lubricant to the lowerportion of said motor, means for retaining said lubricant about thelower end turns of said winding and for returning said lubricant overthe surface of at least one of said springs to said reservoir, and meansfor supplying lubricant from said reservoir to the bearing surfaces ofsaid motor and compressor and to said nozzle.

18. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor, a compressor having acylinder supported by said motor, a reciprocating piston in saidcylinder, said motor having a vertically extending shaft and arranged toreciprocate said piston, a casing enclosing said motor and compressor,said casing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portionthereof containing a body of lubricant, means including a pump driven bysaid shaft for circulating lubricant from said reservoir, means forconveying a portion of said circulated lubricant to the bearing surfacesof said motor and compressor. means for directing a second portion ofsaid circulated lubricant to said piston and cylinder, and meansincluding a nozzle arranged in the upper portion of said casingcontinuously directing a third portion of said circulated lubricant tothe inner surface of said casing to be circulated downwardly thereoverand back into said reservoir during normal operation of said machineafter the starting period for producing substantial cooling of the bodyof lubricant contained in said reservoir by dissipating heat to saidcasing.

19. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor, a compressor having acylinder supported on top of said motor, a reciprocating piston in saidcylinder, said motor having a vertically extending shaft and arranged toreciprocate said piston, a casing enclosing said motor and compressor,said casing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portionthereof containing a body of lubricant, means including a pump driven bysaid shaft for circulating lubricant from said reservoir, means forconveying a portion of said circulated lubricant to the bearing surfacesof said motor and compressor, means for directing a second portion ofsaid circulated lubricant to said piston and cylinder, and meansincluding a nozzle arranged in the upper portion of said casingcontinuously directing a third portion of said circulated lubricant tothe inner surface of said casing to be circulated downwardly thereoverand back into said reservoir during normal operation of said machineafter the starting period for producing substantial cooling of the bodyof lubricant contained in said reservoir by dissipating heat to saidcasing.

20. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor having a stator and arotor, a vertical shaft for said rotor, a bearing for said shaftarranged above said rotor, a bearing for said shaft arranged below saidrotor, a compressor having a cylinder supported on top of said motor, areciprocating piston in said cylinder, a crank carried by the upper endof said shaft above said upper bearing and arranged to reciprocate saidpiston, a casing enclosing said motor and compressor, said casing havinga lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof containing abody of lubricant, means including a pump driven by said shaft forcirculating lubricant from said reservoir, means for conveying a portionof said circulated lubricant to said upper and lower bearings, means forconveying a second portion of said circulated lubricant to said crank,and means including a nozzle arranged in the upper portion of saidcasing continuously directing a, third pore tion of said circulatedlubricant to the inner surface of said casing to be circulateddownwardly thereover and back into said reservoir during normaloperation of said machine after the starting period for producingsubstantial cooling of the body of lubricant contained in said reservoirby dissipating heat to said casing.

2l. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor, a compressor having acylinder supported on top of said motor, a reciprocating piston in saidcylinder, said motor having a vertically extending shaft and arranged toreciprocate said piston, a casing enclosing said motor and compressor,said casing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portionthereof containing a body of lubricant, means including a pump driven bysaid shaft for circulating lubricant from said reservoir, means forconveying a portion of said circulated lubricant to the bearing surfacesof said motor and compressor, means for directing a second portion ofsaid circulated lubricant to said piston and cylinder, means fordirecting a third portion of said circulated lubricant over the surfaceof said compressor for cooling the same, and means including a nozzlearranged in the upper portion of said casing continuously directing afourth portion of said circulated lubricant to the inner surface of saidcasing to be circulated downwardly thereover and back into saidreservoir during normal operation of said machine after the startingperiod for producing substantial cooling of the body of lubricantcontained in said reservoir by dissipating heat to said casing` 22. Arefrigerating machine comprising a motor having a stator and a rotor, avertical shaft for said rotor, an upper end shield for said motor havinga bearing for said shaft arranged above said rotor, a lower end shieldfor said motor having a bearing for said shaft arranged below saidrotor, a compressor having a cylinder supported on said upper endshield, a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, a crank carried by theupper end of said shaft above said upper end shield and arranged toreciprocate said piston, a Vcasing enclosing said motor and compressor,said casing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portionthereof, means including a pump driven by said shaft for circulatinglubricant from said reservoir, means for conveying a portion of saidcirculated lubricant to said upper and lower bearings, means forconveying a second portion of said circulated lubricant to said crank,means for directing a third portion of said circulated lubricant to saidpiston and cylinder, and means for directing a fourth portion of saidcirculated lubricant to the inner surface of said casing for circulationdownwardly thereover and back into said reservoir continuo'sly duringoperation of said machine for cooling said lubricant.

23. A refrigerating machine comprising a motor having a stator and arotor, av vertical shaft for said rotor having an axially extending pas-A sage therein, a bearing for said shaft arranged above said rotor, abearing for said shaft arranged below said rotor, a compressor having acylinder supported by said motor, a reciprocating piston in saidcylinder, a crank carried by the upper end of said shaft above saidupper bearing and arranged to reciprocate said piston, a casingenclosing said motor and compressor, said casing having a lubricantreservoir formed in the lower portion thereof containing a body oflubricant, means including a pump driven by said shaft for forcinglubricant from said reservoir into said passage in said shaft, means forconveying a portion of said lubricant from said passage to said upperand lower bearings, means for con- Y veying a second portion of saidlubricant from said passage to said crank, and means including a nozzlearranged in the upper portion of said casing continuously directing athird portion of said circulated lubricant to the inner surface of saidcasing to be circulated downwardly thereover and back into saidreservoir during normal operation of said machine after the startingperiod for producing substantial cooling of the body of lubricantcontained in said reservoir by dissipating heat to said casing.

24. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, said stator beingprovided with a winding having ends projecting from said stator, meansdefining a charnber about the upper end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the upper end of said winding, meansdefining a chamber about the lower end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the lower end of said winding, andmeans for circulating lubricant from said reservoir into said upperchamber thence into said lower chamber and back into said reservoircontinuously during operation of said machine for cooling said motor.

25. A refrigeratingmachine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, said stator beingprovided with a winding having ends projecting from said stator, meansincluding a vertical cylindrical shield mounted on top of said statorfor preventing the entrance of lubricant in a lateral direction intosaid air gap, means including said shield defining an annular chamberabout the upper end of said stator and adapted to contain lubricant incontact with the upper end of said winding, means defining an annularchamber about the lower end of said stator and adapted to containlubricant in contact with the lower end of said winding, and means forcirculatlng lubricant from said reservoir into said upper chamber thenceinto said lower chamber and back into said reservoir continuously duringoperation of said machine for cooling said motor.

26. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, upper and lower end shields for said motor, a verticalshaft for said rotor, said stator being provided with a winding havingends projecting from said stator, means defining an annular chamberabout the upper end of said stator and adapted to contain lubricant incontact with the upper end of said winding, means including said lowerend shield defining an annular chamber about the lower end of saidstator and adapted to contain lubricant in contact with the lower end ofsaid winding, and means for circulating lubricant from said reservoirinto said upper chamber thence into said lower chamber and back intosaid reservoir continuously during operation of said machine for coolingsaid motor.

27. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, said stator beingprovided with winding slots therein, a winding positioned in saidwinding slots and having ends projecting from said stator, meansdefining a chamber about the upper end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the upper end of said winding, meansdefining a chamber about the lower end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the lower end of said winding, andmeans for circun lating lubricant from said reservoir into said upperchamber thence through said winding slots into said lower chamber andback into said reservoir continuously during operation of said machinefor cooling said motor.

28. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, said stator beingprovided with a winding having ends projecting from said stator, meansdefining a chamber about the upper end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the upper end of said winding, meansdefining a chamber about the lower end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the lower end of said winding, meansincluding a pump driven by said shaft for circulating lubricant fromsaid reservoir, means for directing a portion of said circulatedlubricant over the surface of said compressor for cooling the same,means for receiving lubricant flowing over the surface of saidcompressor and for directing the same into said upper chamber, means fordirecting lubricant from said upper chamber into said lower chamber, andmeans for returning lubrlcant from said lower chamber to said reservoir.

29. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereof,said motor including a stator and a rotor having an air gaptherebetween, a vertical shaft for said rotor, said stator beingprovided with a winding having ends projecting from said stator, meansdefining a chamber about the upper end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the upper end of said winding, meansdening a chamber about the lower end of said stator and adapted tocontain lubricant in contact with the lower end of said winding, meansincluding a pump driven by said shaft for circulating lubricant fromsaid reservoir, means for directing a portion of said circulatedlubricant over the surface of said compressor for cooling the same,means for receiving lubricant flowing over the surface of saidcompressor and for directing the same into said upper chamber, means fordirecting lubricant from said upper chamber into said lower chamber,means for returning lubricant from said lower chamber to said reservoir,and means for directing a second portion of said circulated lubricant tothe inner surface of said casing for circulation downwardly thereoverand back into said reservoir continuously during operation of saidmachine for cooling said lubricant.

30. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed therein, said motor includinga stator and a rotor having an air gap therebetween, a vertical shaftfor said rotor, said stator being provided with a winding projectingfrom the upper end of said stator, means including a verticalcylindrical shield mounted on top of said stator for preventing theentrance of lubricant in a lateral direction into said air gap, meansincluding said shield defining an annular chamber about the upper end ofsaid stator and adapted to contain lubricant in contact with saidwinding, and means for circulating lubricant from said reservoir intosaid chamber and back into said reservoir continuously during operationof said machine for cooling said motor.

31. A refrigerating machine comprising a compressor, a motor for drivingsaid compressor, a casing enclosing said compressor and said motor, saidcasing having a lubricant reservoir formed in the lower portion thereofcontaining a body of lubricant, means including a pump driven by saidmotor i'or circulating lubricant from said reservoir, means fordirecting a portion of said circulated lubricant over said motor forcooling said motor, and means including a nozzle arranged in the upperportion of said casing continuously directing another portion of saidcirculated lubricant to the inner surface of said casing to becirculated downwardly thereover and back into said reservoir duringnormal operation of said machine after the starting period for producingsubstantial cooling of the body of lubricant contained in said reservoirby dissipating heat to said casing.

CHRISTIAN S'I'EENSTRUP.

